While the exact cause of melasma is still unknown, there are several factors that are believed to contribute to its development. Some of the most common causes of melasma include:

Sun Exposure

One of the main causes of melasma is exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. This is because UV radiation increases the production of melanin, which is the pigment that gives colour to our skin. When the skin is exposed to too much sun, it can trigger the development of melasma.

Hormonal Changes

Another significant factor in the development of melasma is hormonal changes, particularly in women. Melasma is often referred to as the "mask of pregnancy" because it frequently occurs in pregnant women due to the hormonal fluctuations that occur during pregnancy. Hormonal birth control and hormone replacement therapy can also cause melasma.

Skin Irritation

Certain skincare products can irritate the skin and trigger melasma. Harsh chemicals, fragrances, and even some medications can cause skin irritation and lead to melasma.